WHITE PAPER

Why we manage for risk and not just return

A Tri-state Market Classification for Evaluating Active Investment Strategies

Based on the daily closing prices of well-known stock market indexes like the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA since 1885) and the S&P 500 Composite Index (SPX since 1928), we used a set of simple and well-known quantitative criteria to define three primary states of the stock market—a bull market, a bear market, and a sideways market—to the accuracy of a particular market trading day. Over the long histories of the two indexes, the tri-state partitions break down to about 60% of the time in bull markets, 20% in bear markets, and 20% in sideways markets.

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The principal risks of investing in The Gold Bullion Strategy Fund are detailed in the prospectus and include risks of the Sub-advisor’s Investment Strategy, Risks of Aggressive Investment Techniques, High Portfolio Turnover, Risk of Investing in Derivatives, Risks of Investing in ETFs, Risks of Investing in Other Investment Companies, Leverage Risk, Taxation Risk, Concentration Risk, Gold Risk, Wholly-owned Corporation Risk, Risk of Non-Diversification and interest rate risk. “Gold Risk” includes volatility, price fluctuations over short periods, risks associated with global monetary, economic, social and political conditions and developments, currency devaluation and revaluation and restrictions, trading and transactional restrictions.

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